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高中英语语法总结

发表时间:2023-04-26

高中英语语法总结8篇。

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高中英语语法总结 篇1

高中英语语法整理总结

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。

Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

一般可分为两类:

1),简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。

Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。

WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:

Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。

5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。

Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。

Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。

7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。

句子的类型:

1.主语+谓语 2.主语+谓语+状语

3.主语+谓语+宾语

4.主语+系动词+表语

5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语

7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

高中英语常见语法错误列举分析

[导读] 本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析,近年来,随着课程新标准的颁布,高中英语的改革不断深化,系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构,规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性,同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。

本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析,近年来,随着课程新标准的颁布,高中英语的改革不断深化,系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构,规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性,同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。同时,高考中对语法的考查也呈现出新特点:单纯的语法规则测试题减少,而代之以语法加语境,语法加上下文,语法加比较辨析等三个方面的题目。我们的语法学习也应该顺应这个潮流。从易犯错误的地方入手,无疑是系统学习语法,应对高考新特点的最好切入点。

下面笔者依据近年的高考试题,总结了英语学习中易犯的一些错误:

一.词法方面

词法方面,词语的辨析成为现今高考命题的重点,对考生来说也是一大难点。其综合性越来越强,很多题目要根据上下文,反复比较才能做出正确判断。这也提醒我们学习词语时,要关注它的多个意思,同时不要死记硬背,要在具体的语言环境里灵活地学习和掌握。

1.____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides C.As for D.Because of 本题说的是:因为担心两门考试,这个周末我不得不拼命学习。句意很简单明了,besides“除了”,as for“至于”两个选项很容易排除,因此许多同学根据字面意思选择了错误选项D。错误的原因是because of后边不能接复合宾语,而正确答案A项构成的with独立结构也可表原因。所谓with独立结构是指with+名词(或代词)+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语

2.----Do you like____ here?----Oh , yes.The air, the weather, the way of life.Everything is so nice.(2004 全国一)A.this B.these C.that D.it 很多同学看到The air, the weather, the way of life,以为这么多东西,当然应该是these了,从而误选了B。此处it指代这些东西,同时对应了Everything。正确答案是D 二.动词的时态

动词的时态依然是亘古不变的重点。时态的考查也不再局限于过去时,过去完成进行时等也开始出现在考卷上。这一类题目中,理解其所给的语境成为答对题目的关键。另外,试题中还故意设计出了一些陷阱:如经常出现在某一种时态中的时间状语放在另一种时态里。考生极易犯思维定式的错误,所以,务必认真审题也变得非常重要。

1.The crazy fans____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.(2004重庆)A were waiting B.had been waiting C.had waited D.would wait 这道时态题难度不小,从题目中的场景可知,空格处的“等待”动作应发生在“arrived”之前,即过去的过去,所以应用过去完成时;同时“for two hours”这个时间状语告诉我们该句强调的是动作在过去一直持续进行。综合二者,我们选择一个最佳答案:过去完成进行时。答案为:B 2.It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847-1931)____the world leading inventor for sixty years.(2004辽宁)A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was 此题难度较大,无数考生拜倒在其脚下。错误的原因是:看到for sixty years,再加上前面用了一般现在时的动词is,便以为是现在完成时,所以选择B。殊不知题目中给出的是一段过去的时间(1847-1931),而一般过去时也可以用以描述过去的一段时间的事实。所以答案是D:爱迪生过去曾经连续60年是世界上发明创造界的领袖。

三.三大类从句

对于从句的把握,不仅对语法题目意义重大,对写作也大有裨益。要弄明白名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句三者的区别和联系,要了解各自的引导词以及引导的句子种类,从本质上把握它们。

1.A modern city has been set up in____ was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)A.what B.which C.that D.where 此题解答时,易把汉语的习惯移植进去:十年前曾是一片废墟的地方,从而误选D。本题中,空格及空格后面的部分共同做介词in的宾语。而在这个宾语从句中,空格部分又要做主语。毫无疑问,where是副词的性质,从来只能做状语,决不可能做主语。同时本题有没有给定一个供选择的范围,所以排除了which。正确答案是A 四.分词

分词使我们中国学生最头疼的语法点知识。很多学生读了研究生后依然搞不清楚现在分词和过去分词。其实,只要适当的加以分类和记忆,便能迅速地理情头绪,并彻底掌握它。1.-----such a good chance, he planed to learn more.A.To be given B.Having been given C.Having given D.Giving 该题有三个关键点:主语he,谓语动作plan,非谓语动作give;he与give之间很显然是被动关系,所以排除表主动的现在分词C和D;give这个动作明显在谓语动作plan之前,所以选择完成式B 2.-----time, he will make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given 该题的三个关键点:主语he,谓语动作make,非谓语动作give:he与give之间同样是被动关系,而ABC均为主动,所以选D。该题如果增加难度,可以加入一个迷惑选项:被动完成式having been given,此项也不可选,因为完成式必须表示动作已发生过;本题中动作只是一种假设,尚未发生。

高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词

[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

情态动词的语法特征 1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2)情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。

比较can 和be able to 1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。

They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2)只用be able to a.位于助动词后。

b.情态动词后。

c.表示过去某时刻动作时。

d.用于句首表示条件。

e.表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意:could不表示时态

1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。

---Could I have the television on?---Yes, you can./ No, you can't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。

比较may和might 1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。

May God bless you!He might be at home.注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2)成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨”。

If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题

Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will 答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。

比较have to和must 1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中: don't have to表示“不必” mustn't表示“禁止”,You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

must表示推测

1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。

2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较:

He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.他必须呆在那。

3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。

4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。---Why didn't you answer my phone call?---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5)否定推测用can't。

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。

表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:

1)情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3)情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。

情态动词+have+过去分词

1)may(might)have + done sth, can(could)have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”,“谅必”的意思。

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.---She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。

You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4)needn't have done sth本没必要做某事

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so.The weather was hot.5)would like to have done sth本打算做某事

I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should和ought to should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。---Ought he to go?---Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。

had better表示最好

had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。

You had better have come earlier.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.= I would stay here rather than go home.高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格

[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

(一): 独立高考资源网主格结构的构成:

名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;名词(代词)+形容词;名词(代词)+副词;名词(代词)+不定式;名词(代词)+介词短语构成。

(二)独立主格结构的特点:

1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。

3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例:

The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。

This done, we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆

With的复合结构

表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.典型例题

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to be tiedD.tied 答案D.with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.注意: 1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。

He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.典型例题:

Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A permittedB permittingC permitsD for permitting 答案B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk.然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可

高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致

[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,主谓一致是指:

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,主谓一致是指:

1)语法形式上高考资源网要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。

There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。

Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.并列结构作主语谓语用复数

Reading and writing are very important.注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were 答案B.注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保

crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。

His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

Are there any police around? 3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.与后接名词或代词保持一致

1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。

Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2)在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市

高中英语语法总结大全之状语从句

地点状语从句

地点状高考资源网语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法

[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。

(错)He is an ill man.(对)The man is ill.(错)She is an afraid girl.(对)The girl is afraid.这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:

something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词

1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错)She sang lovely.(错)He spoke to me very friendly.(对)Her singing was lovely.(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容词表示类别和整体

1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope.2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two 答案:C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。

2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?----It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC.last sunny fewD.few sunny last 答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠

近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:

限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

old + brown + wood + table

高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法

[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。

(错)He is an ill man.(对)The man is ill.(错)She is an afraid girl.(对)The girl is afraid.这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:

something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词

1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错)She sang lovely.(错)He spoke to me very friendly.(对)Her singing was lovely.(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope.2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two 答案:C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。

2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?----It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC.last sunny fewD.few sunny last 答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠

近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:

限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table

高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词

[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

情态动词的语法特征

1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2)情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。

比较can 和be able to 1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2)只用be able to a.位于助动词后。

b.情态动词后。

c.表示过去某时刻动作时。

d.用于句首表示条件。

e.表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意:could不表示时态

1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。

---Could I have the television on?---Yes, you can./ No, you can't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。

比较may和might 1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。

May God bless you!He might be at home.注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2)成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨”。

If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题

Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will 答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。

比较have to和must 1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.3)在否定结构中: don't have to表示“不必” mustn't表示“禁止”,You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

must表示推测

1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。

2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较:

He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.他必须呆在那。

3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。

4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---Why didn't you answer my phone call?---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5)否定推测用can't。

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。

表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:

1)情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3)情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。

情态动词+have+过去分词

1)may(might)have + done sth, can(could)have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”,“谅必”的意思。

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.---She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4)needn't have done sth本没必要做某事

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so.The weather was hot.5)would like to have done sth本打算做某事

I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should和ought to should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。

---Ought he to go?---Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。

had better表示最好

had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。

You had better have come earlier.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.= I would stay here rather than go home.高中英语语法专项复习之代词

[导读] 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的学习有所帮助:

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的学习有所帮助:

人称代词的用法

1)人称代词的主高考资源网格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:

John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。

说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:

When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。

2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her作主语补语)a.--Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶? b.--Me.--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.)说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

人称代词之主、宾格的替换

1)宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语。

----I like English.--我喜欢英语。

----Me too.--我也喜欢。

----Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?----Not me.--我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格

a.在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。

b.在电话用语中常用主格。

----I wish to speak to Mary.--我想和玛丽通话。

----This is she.--我就是玛丽。

注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格----主格)I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)代词的指代问题

1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone,someone,everyone,no one,及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替。

Nobody came, did he?谁也没来,是吗? 2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。

Give the cat some food.She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she。

并列人称代词的排列顺序

1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:

第二人称-> 第三人称-> 第一人称

you-> he/she;it-> I You, he and I should return on time.2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:

第一人称-> 第二人称-> 第三人称

we->you->They 注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。

a.在承认错误,承担责任时,It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。

b.在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如:I and you try to finish it.c.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,d.当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

物主代词

1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:

John had cut his finger;apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。

名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构,例如:

Jack's cap意为 The cap is Jack's.His cap 意为 The cap is his.2)名词性物主代词的句法功能

a.作主语,例如:

May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。

b.作宾语,例如:

I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

c.作介词宾语,例如:

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

d.作主语补语,例如:

The life I have is yours.It's yours.It's yours.我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。

双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。

公式为:

a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:

a friend of mine.each brother of his.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 反身代词

1)列表 Iyouyoushehe myselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimself wetheyitone ourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself 2)做宾语

a.有些动词需有反身代词

absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。

b.用于及物动词+宾语+介词

take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.I could not dress(myself)up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。

Please sit down.请坐。

3)作表语;同位语 be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。

The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。

4)在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:

No one but myself(me)is hurt.注意:

a.反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错)Myself drove the car.(对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车。

b.但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。

Charles and myself saw it.5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词。

You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 相互代词

1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的,例如: It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

2)相互代词的句法功能:

a.作动词宾语;People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱。

b.可作介词宾语;Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other,存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如:

He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。

He put all the books beside one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c.相互代词可加-'s构成所有格,例如:

高中英语语法总结 篇2

1、词类:英语词类分十种:

名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.

2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)

高中英语语法总结 篇3

名词性从句重难点

1. 在名词性从句中,疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如:

①Can you make sure ____the gold ring ?(MET90)

A.where Alice had put D.where has Alice put

2. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中,其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中,连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可,而不用 that。

3. 否定转移问题。

①将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移 我想我并不认识你。 我相信他不回来。

We dont expect he will come tonight , will he ?

注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

②将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移

看来他们不知道往哪去。

看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

4. 主谓一致问题。

5. 语气问题

① 在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that从句常用“should+ 动词原形”的结构 我建议我们应该立刻出发。

② 在It is +过去分词+that的主语从句中 decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested, required等。

It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.

③ 在表语从句或同位语从句中

The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.

高中英语语法常考知识

一、名词可数与不可数及修饰词:

常考的抽象名词有:advice, chalk, furniture, patience, paper, clothing, fun, power, work, oil, jewelery, homework, sugar, information, salt, knowledge, luck, weather, progress, news (word), money

注意:another不能修饰不可数名词,可说another book,不可说another news。

二、复合名词的复数形式因词而异:

1. a man driver (men drivers) a woman doctor ( women doctors)

2. a film-goer (film-goers) 电影爱好者

3. a looker-on (lookers-on) 旁观者 passers-by

4. a grown-up (grown-ups) 成年人

三、部分名词的复数形式表示特殊意义:

goods, looks(表情、外貌), manners, papers, greens(青菜、蔬菜), irons(熨斗), forces(军队), sands(做作的样子、架子) →put on airs 3. Wood can be made into paper.

He likes going out for fresh air.

四、

1. 单复数相同:sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, means, works

2. 只有复数:cattle, people

3. 常以复数形式出现:trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, remains(遗物), contents, goods, congratulations, means, sports, preparations(准备), tears, repairs, regards, games(运动会)

4. 以s结尾的学科或专有名词常作单数:

politics, maths, physics, the United States, The United Nations

五、几组易错名词的'用法:

1. many a + 单数名词 = many + 复数名词

2. 集合名词:family, team, audience, enemy, public, group, class, government, company, police, party 作主语时,若看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数;若表示组成分子,则用复数。

e.g. The police are on duty at the street corner.

My family is / are going to have a long journey.

3. population:

1)作为“人口”的总称或“居民”的总数是不可数名词,谓语用单数。

2)问“多少人口”时,不说how many或how much,而用what。

3)在谈到“人口比多”时,常用large,great;“人口少”时,常用small,而不用much,little。

4)当谈及“有人口”时, 习惯上用have a population of。

5)当“百分数/分数+ of the population”作主语时,谓语用复数。

6)表示某个地区人口时,其前应有定冠词。

7)population不能与people连用。

e.g. The population in China is very large, and 80% of the population are farmers.

The city has a population of the million.

高中英语语法知识

1.名词(nouns)n.:

名词是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。

2.代词(pronoun)pron.:

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。

3.数词(numeral)Num.:

表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。

4.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.;

很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。

5.副词(adverb)adv.:

是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等。

6.动词(Verb)v.:

动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。

高中英语语法总结 篇4

1. when 引导的状语从句

(1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用。

例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

2. that 引导的宾语从句

名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中。

例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

3. which 引导的主语从句。

例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

4.过去完成时和过去将来时

(1)过去完成时(past perfect tense):强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态,或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情,它就是过去的过去。

①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果,用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。

②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句: He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。

(2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句:I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

5. there be句型:表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be (is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。

高中英语语法总结 篇5

1.同位语从句:同位语从句在句中作A同位语,对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。同位语的特点是:抽象名词在前,表达具体内容的从句在后。

常见的名词包括: assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion结论/ doubt怀疑等。 例句:The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in the region has been discussed. 关于我们应该开发本地区资源的建议已经讨论过了。

2.现在完成时:表示过去延续到现在的动作或状态。具体来说,这种用法是表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例句:An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to her, “Don’t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now.” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央,这时,一位交警朝着她嚷道:“我都把手举起来了,你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说:“我当然知道,我都做了28 年的老师了。”

3. 时间状从:not…until… 用法。例句:The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.

4. it做形式主语,句子做逻辑主语:如果主语太长,常用代词 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语从句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。

例句:It makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. 如果你记不住,那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。

5. 现在分词短语作状语:

(1)现在分词作时间状语。例句:There are several things to consider when buying fresh foods. 当购买新鲜食品时,有几个事情要考虑。

(2)现在分词作条件状语。例句:Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你将会成功。

(3)现在分词作伴随状语。例句:All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。

(4)现在分词作方式状语。例句:Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方法回答问题。

(5)现在分词作原因状语。例句:Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。

(6)现在分词作结果状语。

例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 拥有汽车使机动程度更高,使司机能自由自在地往来各地。

(7)现在分词作让步状语。

例句:Although working from morning till night his father didn’t get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干,但是还是挣不够吃的。

高中英语语法总结 篇6

1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.

普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .

2、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

3、名词所有格:

1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如:

today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),

China’s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:

a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]:

① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:

1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三

班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的.) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况: What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

高中英语语法总结 篇7

定语从句

关系词先行词从句成分例句

Who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?

Whom人宾语The man(whom)she loved came back safe and sound.提拉米苏 Whose人,物定语I like those books whose topics are about action老外 That人,物主语,宾语a cup is a cookie that can eat

She is an elegant women(that)I want to see

Which物主语,宾语the book(which)I gave you was worth 10yuan

The picture which was about the landscape is fantastic As人,物主语,宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us

This is the same purse as I lost yesterday

The garden where followers are in full bloom makes us encounter

The reason why he is attractive is his humor

Tomorrow when he will come to my party is my honor

Where=at, in whichwhy=for whichwhen= at,in,on which

Jack studied in a village school,____ is named after his grandfather

I walked in the garden,______ Tom and Tim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees 从句完成选关副,主干缺失关代补

状语从句

时间,条件,方式,让步,原因,目的,结果,比较

时间状从

When从句短暂、延续动词都可 as, while 只延续

When I lived in xin zhuang, I had a cozy life

When we looked at her, she gave us a bright smile

When 主从句动作可同时发生,也可先后发生as, while只能同时

When I eat up my apple, I will buy some.When I arrived at the market, all the apples have been sold out

主从句动作同时发生,从句为延续v,三者都可

When, as, while I was dreaming that I win lottery in five million, the alarm rang

Although不倒 though 倒不倒都可 As倒

Child as he is, he knows a lot

原因状从

语气 because since as 渐弱

Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class 既然

As it was getting dark, we soon turned back

名词性从句

that的用法

主,表,同位that不省去 宾从一般可以省

That we have a new chairman is known to us all

Whether和if

主,表,同位都只用whether,在引导宾从的时候可以互换,但做介词的宾语只能用whether It all depends on whether we can insist on it

疑问词+ever(名从,让步状从都可)no matter+疑问词只能让步状从

Whoever breaks the law must be punished

Whoever breaks the law, he must be punished可用no matter who

同位从和定从的区别

They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again同位从不做成分

The hope(that)she expressed is that they would come to visit china again

常见句式的固定时态

No sooner…than,hardly scarcely rarely…when刚。。就

No sooner had I left school than it began to rain

It is was has been+一段时间+since自从。以来有多长时间了is has,did ;was,had done It is has been 10years since we met last

It will be+一段时间+before从句dodoes 表将来要过多久才

It will be three weeks before we have the concert

主句+by the time+从句had done,didwill have done,do

By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off

To do 有副词名词形容词作用,可做主、宾、定、表、状、宾补

Doing 有副词形容词作用,可做定、表、宾补、状

动名词 相当于名词,可做主、宾、定、表

to do 和动名词 作主语

smoking is prohibited here.抽象的泛指的to read the Bible everyday makes her mind full of peace

to do 和分词作定语

the man named jack is in favor of the flowers growing on his yard

to do(目的)和分词作状语

not knowing what to do, he sat there hopelessly(泰囧)

faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan

To do(具体的将来的),动名词(抽象泛指), 分词(感到。)作表语 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future

Our work is serving the people heart and soul

Encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的To do 分词作宾补 to do/doing 主动 done被动

I saw him(to)fall off his bike and break his leg(动作的过程)

I saw him falling off his bike(进行)

I find the bike repaired

情态动词和虚拟语气

Shall用于一三人称表示征求对方意见,二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁 Shall I dance with you, beauty?

No, you shall not.Can/could/may/might have done对过去进行推测

Must have done一定、确定

Should have done 本应该做却没做need have done 本必要做却没做 If条件句的虚拟

If there were no music,the world would be very dull

错综虚拟句 if you’d taken my advice, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.倒装 were I you, I would marry a girl like me

Had it not been for the free ticket, I wouldn’t have gone to see the film so often Should it rain, the crops would be saved.宾从中

Demand, suggest, order, insist 后接(should)do

He suggested that we not change our mind

Wish did(现)had done(过)should/would do(将)

I wish I could be a pop singer

倒装

完全倒装

Here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away 等副词开头的句子表示强调 Out rushed the children

表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首时

Under the tree lied a handsome guy

部分倒装

Never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/not until 等否定意义的副词放在句首 Hardly did I know what had happened(地震)

Only和修饰的状语放于句首时

Only then did he realized the importance of English(学生出国)

Not only…but also 前倒后不倒

Not only did I knew Japanese, but also I’m expert at it

So that, such that 中so 和such 及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒 So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday recently

独立主格结构

Everything taken into consideration your work is well done

名代+to do(将来)

Lots of work to be done, I have to work extra hours

名代+现在分词(主动)

They run up to me, their hair flying in the wind

名代+过去分词(被动)

He stood there, his hands raised(电影举起手来)

With+复合宾语

With many goals we need to achieve, we should spare no effortHe soon fell asleep with the light still burning

He sat there with his eyes fixed upon the ceiling

高中英语语法总结 篇8

倒 装 句

倒装的两种考法:

1.放在单项选择题中,考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握; 2.放在完形填空和阅读理解中,设置理解障碍。倒装的两种形式:

1.完全倒装: 将整个谓语动词提到主语前。

2.部分倒装:即半倒装,将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。

一、完全倒装

1】表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off, over, back等标志词放在句首,句子用完全倒装。【翻译句子】

(1)车来了。Here comes the bus.(2)铃响了。There goes the bell.(3)孩子们冲出来了。Out rushed the children.(4)那个男孩离开了。Away went the boy.【疑难】 Here it is.In she came.Away he went.【疑难剖析】当主语是人称代词时,主谓语序不变。

2】地点状语放在句首且谓语动词为come, live, lie, go, sit, stand等时用完全倒装。【完成例句】

(5)河的南面有一家小工厂。In south of the river lies a small factory.(6)山谷里传来一声喊叫。From the valley came a cry.3】 such, the following等放句首时,句子要完全倒装。【翻译句子】

(7)Such are the facts.情况就是如此。(8)生活就是这样。Such is life.(9)The following is the answer to the question.这个问题的答案如下。4】There lie / exist / stand / live +主语+…是there be 句型的变式 【翻译句子】

(10)山顶上有一幢高楼。There is a tall building on the top of the mountain.(11)山顶上耸立着一座古塔。There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.5】“表语+系动词+主语”的结构。【例句观察】

Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生,还有一些别的宾客。

Seated on the ground are a group of young men.坐在地上的是一群年轻人。【注意】此时,主语较长,可还原为正常语序即:主+系动词+表语。

二、部分倒装 将情态动词、助动词、be提到主语前。(通常可以还原为正常的语序,并以此检验倒装句是否正确。)1】含有否定意义的副词或短语如:few, little, never, not, nowhere, rarely, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等放在句首时,需用部分倒装。【翻译句子】

(12)Little does he know about the news.他对这消息知之甚少。

(13)By no means can he catch up in such a short time.他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。【疑难1】

He is active in personality, and he seldom stays indoors.(无助动词)He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors.(添加does)【疑难剖析1】若原句中没有助动词,必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do, does 或did。【完成例句】

(14)— 我有大量的工作要做。

— I've got an enormous amount of work to do.— 我也是。—So have I.(15)他,和他全家人一样,相信你是无辜的。

He believed, as did all his family, that you were innocent.(16)如果她不同意这个计划,Tom也不会同意。If she doesn„t agree to the plan, neither will Tom.2】so / as / neither / nor 为标志词放在句首时,句子用倒装。

①表示前面所说的肯定情况,也适合于另一人或物时,句式如下: so / as + be(助动词或情态动词)+ 主语。

②表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物时,句式如下: neither(nor)+ be(助动词或情态动词)+ 主语。

【特别提醒】

① “so +主语+助动词(或be动词)”表示对上文肯定的内容加以肯定或赞同,意为“的确如此”;

— It's raining hard.天下着大雨。

— So it is.是的。

② “主语+did +so”表示:“主语”这样做了。例如:

Tom asked me to go to play football with him and I did so.Tom要我去踢足球,我去了。

3】①“only + 状语(或状语从句)”放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。

②only之后跟的不是状语时不可倒装。【完成例句】

(17)你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。Only in this way can you learn English well.(18)只有他有时间的话他才会来。Only if he has time will he come here.(19)他被请了3次才来开会。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.(20)Only that boy can work out the problem.只有那个男孩才能解答出这个问题。(21)Only socialism can save China.只有社会主义才能救中国。4】在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中,从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时,可将if 省略,而把 were, had, should 移到句首。【翻译句子】

(22)如果我是你,我就不会那样做。Were I you, I wouldn't do that.【特别提醒】

①若从句是否定句,则必须将 not放在主语后。② had必须是助动词。

5】在 “so…that” 和 “ such…that”结构中,将“so+adj.”和“such+n.”提到句首时,句子用部分倒装。【完成例句】

(23)暴风雨如此厉害,整个屋顶都被吹掉了。

So terrible was the storm that the whole roof was blown off.(24)杰克是如此聪明的孩子,他能解答所有这些难题。

Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.6】often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every the other day, then等状语位于句首时,句子部分倒装。【完成例句】

以前我经常提到他。

Often did I speak of him.他常常帮助我做实验。

Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.7】在not…until…, no sooner…than…, scarcely/hardly…when, not only…but also…, neither…nor…,等否定词开头的句式中。【完成例句】

约翰知道昨天才改变了主意

Not until yesterday did John change his mind.她一坐下,电话就响了。

Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang.他没去拜访她,他也不会这样做。

Neither has he called on her,nor will he do so.她不但说的正确,而且说的流利。

Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.8】当as /though引导让步状语从句时,可出现“N/adj/adv/分词+as +S+V”或“V+as+S+助动词”的倒装形式。当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。【完成例句】

尽管他们很勇敢,但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.尽管他是孩子,但是他知道的很多。Child as he is, he knows a lot of things.虽然尝试了,但是她打不开门。

Try as she might, she couldn‟t get the door open.8】当may 放句首,表达祝愿时,句子倒装。May you succeed.